Excessive production of ketone bodies leads to signs and symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, the smell of acetone in the breath, deep breathing known as Kussmaul breathing, and in severe cases decreased level of consciousness. ĭiabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency that occurs most commonly in type 1, but may also occur in type 2 if it has been longstanding or if the individual has significant β-cell dysfunction. Type 1 presents abruptly following a pre-clinical phase, while type 2 has a more insidious onset patients may remain asymptomatic for many years. About half of affected individuals may also be asymptomatic. Several other non-specific signs and symptoms may also occur, including fatigue, blurred vision, and genital itchiness due to Candida infection. The classic symptoms of untreated diabetes are polyuria, thirst, and weight loss. Signs and symptoms Overview of the most significant symptoms of diabetes Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are potential complications of diabetes The global expenditure on diabetes-related healthcare is an estimated US$760 billion a year. Rates are similar in women and men, with diabetes being the seventh leading cause of death globally. The prevalence of the disease continues to increase, most dramatically in low- and middle-income nations. It is estimated that by 2045, approximately 783 million adults, or 1 in 8, will be living with diabetes, representing a 46% increase from the current figures. Gestational diabetes, a form that arises during pregnancy in some women, normally resolves shortly after delivery.Īs of 2021, an estimated 537 million people had diabetes worldwide accounting for 10.5% of the adult population, with type 2 making up about 90% of all cases. The most common treatment for type 1 is insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections), while anti-diabetic medications (such as metformin and semaglutide) and lifestyle modifications can be used to manage type 2. The major types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2, though other forms also exist. Untreated or poorly treated diabetes accounts for approximately 1.5 million deaths every year. If left untreated, the disease can lead to various health complications, including disorders of the cardiovascular system, eye, kidney, and nerves. Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria, weight loss, and blurred vision. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. There, beneath the drifted sand, they discovered a thousand years' worth of papyri which had been preserved in ideal conditions because of the town's location - it hardly rains in this part of Egypt, and although Oxyrhynchus was situated near a canal, it did not suffer from the annual flooding which was commonplace on the banks of the Nile.Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Little attention was given to Oxyrhynchus as an ancient site of importance until the late 1890s when Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt, two young papyrologists of the 'Egypt Exploration Society', began to dig up the rubbish mounds. However, its history has been preserved within the refuse of its inhabitants, discovered in enormous mounds outside the town. Although it was a prosperous city during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, little remains of Oxyrhynchus today. Oxyrhynchus was an ancient town in the north of Egypt (situated near the modern town of al-Bahnasa), approximately 160km southwest of Cairo on one of the Nile's canals.
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